Objective: To characterize subphenotypes of self-reported symptoms and outcomes(SRSOs) in Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19(PASC). Design: Prospective, observational cohort study of PASC subjects. Setting: Academic tertiary center from five clinical referral sources. Participants: Adults with COVID-19 ≥ 20 days before enrollment and presence of any new self-reported symptoms following COVID-19. Exposures: We collected data on clinical variables and SRSOs via structured telephone interviews and performed standardized assessments with validated clinical numerical scales to capture psychological symptoms, neurocognitive functioning, and cardiopulmonary function. We collected saliva and stool samples for quantification of SARS-CoV-2 RNA via qPCR. Primary and Secondary outcomes of measure: Description of PASC SRSOs burden and duration, derivation of distinct PASC subphenotypes via latent class analysis (LCA), and relationship between viral load with SRSOs and PASC subphenotypes. Results: Baseline data for 214 individuals were analyzed. The study visit took place at a median of 197.5 days after COVID-19 diagnosis, and participants reported ever having a median of 9/16 symptoms (interquartile range 6-11) after acute COVID, with muscle-aches, dyspnea, and headache being the most common. Fatigue, cognitive impairment, and dyspnea were experienced for a longer time. Participants had a lower burden of active symptoms (median 3, interquartile range 1-6) than those ever experienced (p<0.001). Unsupervised LCA of symptoms revealed three clinically-active PASC subphenotypes: a high burden constitutional symptoms (21.9%) , a persistent loss/change of smell and taste (20.6%) , and a minimal residual symptoms subphenotype (57.5%). Subphenotype assignments were strongly associated with self-assessments of global health, recovery and PASC impact on employment (p<0.001). Viral persistence (5.6% saliva and 1% stool samples positive) did not explain SRSOs or subphenotypes. Conclusions: We identified distinct PASC subphenotypes and highlight that although most symptoms progressively resolve, specific PASC subpopulations are impacted by either high burden of constitutional symptoms or persistent olfactory/gustatory dysfunction, requiring prospective identification and targeted preventive or therapeutic interventions.
Abstract Background: Our previous studies demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins could bind to hepatocytes via the asialoglycoprotein receptor-1 (ASGR-1) facilitating direct infection by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Immortalized E12-HLC expressed the phenotypic and biological properties of primary human hepatocytes, including their ability to bind spike proteins via ASGR-1 with exception of the spike 1 protein. This binding could be inhibited by spike protein-specific monoclonal antibodies. We used the same spike-blocking analysis to determine if post-vaccination serum was capable of blocking spike protein binding to HLC. Samples collected from subjects prior to, and post-vaccination were quantified for anti-variant-specific antibody (original wild type, alpha (α), beta (β), gamma (γ), and delta (δ) variants by a flow cytometry based immunofluorescent assay. Inhibition of variant spike protein binding to HLC and AT-2 (as a known model for spike 1 binding to the ACE-2 receptor) was analyzed by confocal microscopy. This study was designed to investigate the ability of post-vaccination antibodies to mediate immunity to spike S2, and to validate the utility of the E12-HLC in analyzing that immunity. Methods: Serum was collected from 10 individuals pre- and post-vaccination with the J&J, Moderna or Pfizer vaccines. The serum samples were quantified for variant-specific antibodies in a flow cytometry-based immunofluorescent assay utilizing beads coated with biotinylated variant spike proteins (α, β, γ, δ).Presence of variant-specific antibodies was visualized by anti-human IgG-Alexa 488. Inhibition of spike protein binding to cells was analyzed by immunofluorescent confocal analysis. Biotinylated variant spike proteins were preincubated with serum samples and then tested for binding to target cells. Binding was visualized by Streptavidin-Alexa 594. Results were compared to binding of unblocked spike variants. Results: All variant spike proteins tested bound to both the HLC and AT-2 cells. Pre-vaccination serum samples had no detectable reactivity to any of the variant spike proteins and were unable to inhibit binding of the variant spike proteins to either target cell. Post-vaccination serum samples demonstrated a progression of SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels from low early post-vaccination levels to higher levels at 2.5 months after vaccination. Concurrently, serum samples taken at those different timeframes demonstrated that serum obtained from shortly after vaccination were not as effective in blocking spike protein as serum obtained after 2.5 months post-vaccination. Antibody concentrations were not necessarily associated with better blocking of spike protein binding as spike variant-specific serum antibody concentrations varied significantly between subjects and within each subject. It was also demonstrated that vaccination with all the various available vaccines stimulated antibodies that inhibited binding of the available variant spike proteins to both HLC and AT-2 cells. Conclusion: HLC, along with AT-2 cells, provides a useful platform to study the development of protective antibodies that prevent the binding SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins to target cells. It was shown that vaccination with the three available vaccines all elicited serum antibodies that were protective against binding of each of the variant spike proteins to both AT-2 and HLC cells. This study suggests that analysis of immune serum to block spike binding to target cells may be a more useful technique to assess protective immunity than quantitation of gross antibody alone.
Aim: Immunocompromised (IC) patients mount poor immune responses to vaccination. Higher-dose COVID-19 vaccines may offer increased immunogenicity. Materials & methods: A pairwise meta-analysis of 98 studies reporting comparisons of mRNA-1273 (50 or 100 mcg/dose) and BNT162b2 (30 mcg/dose) in IC adults was performed. Outcomes were seroconversion, total and neutralizing antibody titers, and cellular immune responses. Results: mRNA-1273 was associated with a significantly higher seroconversion likelihood (relative risk, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.08, 1.14]; P<0.0001; I2=66.8%) and higher total antibody titers (relative increase, 50.45% [95% CI, 34.63%, 66.28%]; P<0.0001; I2=89.5%) versus BNT162b2. mRNA-1273 elicited higher but statistically nonsignificant relative increases in neutralizing antibody titers and cellular immune responses versus BNT162b2. Conclusion: Higher-dose mRNA-1273 had increased immunogenicity versus BNT162b2 in IC patients.
The current study is a cross-sectional survey that aims to assess the effect of COVID-19 on mental health in rural India. The study was conducted in the Durg district of Chhattisgarh state, and it used the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment (GAD-7), PHQ-9, and IES-R to evaluate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and PTSD among the community. Out of 431 participants, 44% were male, with a mean age of 41 years. The study found that 87% of the participants had health insurance, 40% had co-morbidities like hypertension or diabetes, and half of them experienced food shortage and change in income during the pandemic. One-third of the participants experienced death among one or more family members due to the pandemic. The study found that the mean scores of IES-R, GAD-7, and PHQ-9 were 23.59-24.91, 1.50, 2.07, and 1.06-1.58, respectively. Thirty percent of the participants observed some distress, 15% reported depression, and 12% reported anxiety. The adjusted effect of death in the family due to COVID-19 was found to be significantly associated with higher risk of mental distress, whereas education was associated with lower risk of distress. Depression and anxiety were more common among the elderly and less common among individuals living in nuclear families. Scarcity of food and change in income were significantly associated with anxiety. These findings highlight the need for increased support for mental health in rural communities in India, particularly in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic.
ChatGPT has gained remarkable traction since its inception in November 2022. However, it faces limitations in generating inaccurate responses, ignoring existing guidelines, and lacking reasoning when applied in clinical settings. This study introduces ChatGPT-CARE, a tool that integrates clinical practice guidelines with ChatGPT, focusing on COVID-19 outpatient treatment decisions. By employing in-context learning, chain-of-thought prompting, and few-shots learning, ChatGPT-CARE enhances original ChatGPT9s clinical decision support and reasoning capabilities. The tool was evaluated using three categories of various descriptions of patients seeking COVID-19 treatment, and two physicians specialized in pulmonary disease and critical care assessed the responses for accuracy, hallucination, and clarity. The results indicate that ChatGPT-CARE, particularly the GPT-4 version, offers higher accuracy and clarity compared to the original ChatGPT. Despite some limitations, such as occasional hallucinations, ChatGPT-CARE represents a significant advancement in AI-driven clinical decision support, with potential applications beyond COVID-19 treatment.
Background: Post-COVID conditions after infection with new SARS-CoV-2 variants have been incompletely described. We compared the prevalence and risk factors for ongoing symptoms lasting 4 weeks or longer (often referred to as post-COVID Conditions) among adults who had tested positive vs. negative during the Delta and early-Omicron periods. Methods: Self-reported survey data regarding symptoms and previous SARS-CoV-2 test results were collected from May 31 - July 6, 2022, from a probability sampling of United States adults. Respondents were classified according to their test result, predominant circulating variant when respondents first tested positive (Delta vs early-Omicron), and demographic risk factors. Results: Among 2,421 respondents, 256 tested positive during Delta, 460 during early-Omicron, and 1,705 always tested negative. Nearly one-fourth (22.3%) of negative respondents reported at least 1 symptom that lasted 4 or more weeks, compared to 60.6% (p<0.05) of respondents who tested positive during the Delta period and 47.8% (p<0.05) during the early-Omicron period. Fatigue, change in smell/taste, and cough were commonly reported by respondents who tested positive. Demographic risk factors associated with ongoing symptoms were being female and unemployed (aOR 1.28, 95% CI 1.06-1.55; aOR 1.48, 95% CI: 1.17-1.87). Conclusion: The reported occurrence of ongoing symptoms associated with post-COVID conditions was reduced during the early-Omicron period, compared with Delta.
Four principal types of authorised COVID-19 vaccines include inactivated whole-virus vaccines, protein subunit vaccines, viral-vector vaccines and nucleic acid (mRNA and DNA) vaccines. Despite numerous Randomised Controlled Trials (RCTs), comprehensive systematic review and comparative meta-analysis have not been performed to validate the immunogenicity, safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines in the healthy adult population. We aim to fulfil this unmet void. We searched for peer-reviewed articles about RCTs of the COVID-19 vaccines on healthy adults (18-64 years) available in eight major bibliographic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Scopus, ScienceDirect, POPLINE, HINARI) till August 28, 2022. The Risk of Bias (RoB) was assessed using the Cochrane RoB-2. Random effects meta-analysis was conducted by pooling dichotomous outcomes using risk ratios (safety outcomes) and continuous outcomes using standardised mean differences (immunogenicity outcomes). Efficacy outcomes were summarised narratively. Moderate to high-quality evidence suggests that those receiving COVID-19 vaccines had significantly higher immune responses compared to placebo. Serious adverse events were rare, confirming that COVID-19 vaccines were safe and immunogenic for the healthy adult population. Remarkably, adverse events were the least common in inactivated vaccines, and nucleic acid vaccines were the most immunogenic. The efficacies of COVID-19 vaccines ranged from 21.9% to 95.9% in preventing COVID-19. We endorse all four types of COVID-19 vaccines for public health policy implementing taskforces. Yet, meta-analyses based on individual patient data are warranted for more extensive measurement of differential impacts of COVID-19 vaccines on different genders, ethnicities, comorbidities and types of vaccine jabbed.
Background Mass COVID-19 vaccination and the continuous introduction of new viral variants of SARS-CoV-2, especially of Omicron subvariants, has resulted in an increase in the proportion of the population with hybrid immunity at various stages of waning protection. We systematically reviewed waning of post-vaccination neutralizing antibody titers in different immunological settings to investigate potential differences. Methods We searched for studies providing data for post-vaccination neutralizing antibody responses against SARS-CoV-2 in PubMed, bioRxiv, and medRxiv from Dec 15, 2021, to Jan 31, 2023, using keywords related to COVID-19, vaccination, and antibody neutralization. We used random effects meta-regression to estimate the average fold-reduction in post-vaccination neutralizing antibody titers against the Index strain or Omicron BA.1. from month 1 to month 6 post last dose, stratified by vaccination regimen (primary or booster) and infection-naive vs hybrid-immune status. Findings In total, 26 studies reporting longitudinal post-vaccination neutralizing antibody titers were included. Neutralization titers against the Index variant were available from all studies for infection-naive participants, and from nine for hybrid-immune participants. Against Omicron BA.1, nine and eight studies were available for infection-naive and hybrid-immune cohorts, respectively. In infection-naive cohorts, post-vaccination neutralization titers against the Index strain waned 5.1-fold (95% CI 3.4-7.8) from month 1 to month 6 following primary regimen and 3.8-fold (95% CI 2.4-5.9) following the booster. Titers against Omicron BA.1 waned 5.9-fold (95% CI 3.8-9.0) in infection-naive, post-booster cohorts. In hybrid-immune, post-primary vaccination cohorts, titers waned 3.7-fold (95% CI 1.7-7.9) against the Index strain and 5.0-fold (95% CI 1.1-21.8) against Omicron BA.1. Interpretation No obvious differences in waning between post-primary or post-boost vaccination were observed for vaccines used widely to date, nor between infection-naive and hybrid-immune participants. Titers against Omicron BA.1 may wane faster compared to Index titers, which may worsen for more recent Omicron sub-variants and should be monitored. Relatively small datasets limit the precision of our current analysis; further investigation is needed when more data become available. However, based on our current findings, striking differences in waning for the analyzed and future comparisons are unlikely.
A Study to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of an (Omicron Subvariant) COVID-19 Vaccine Booster Dose in Previously Vaccinated Participants and Unvaccinated Participants. - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Biological: XBB.1.5 Vaccine (Booster); Biological: XBB.1.5 Vaccine (single dose)
Sponsor: Novavax
Not yet recruiting
Effect of Natural Food on Gut Microbiome and Phospholipid Spectrum of Immune Cells in COVID-19 Patients - Condition: COVID-19
Intervention: Dietary Supplement: Freeze-dried Mare Milk (Saumal)
Sponsor: Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University
Not yet recruiting
EFFECT OF COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL THERAPY ON DEPRESSION AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH POST COVID-19 - Condition: Post-COVID-19 Syndrome
Intervention: Behavioral: rehacom
Sponsor: Cairo University
Enrolling by invitation
Intradermal Administration of a COVID-19 mRNA Vaccine in Elderly - Conditions: Vaccination; Infection; COVID-19
Intervention: Biological: Comirnaty
Sponsor: Radboud University Medical Center
Not yet recruiting
A Safety and Immune Response Study to Evaluate Varying Doses of an mRNA Vaccine Against Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Healthy Adults - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Biological: mRNA-CR-04 vaccine 10μg; Biological: mRNA-CR-04 vaccine 30μg; Biological: mRNA-CR-04 vaccine 100μg; Drug: Placebo
Sponsor: GlaxoSmithKline
Not yet recruiting
Methylprednisolone in Patients With Cognitive Deficits in Post-COVID-19 Syndrome (PCS) - Condition: Post-COVID-19 Syndrome
Intervention: Drug: Methylprednisolone
Sponsor: Charite University, Berlin, Germany
Not yet recruiting
Phase 3 Adolescent Study for SARS-CoV-2 rS Variant Vaccines - Condition: COVID-19
Interventions: Biological: NVX-CoV2601 co-formulated Omicron XBB.1.5 SARS-CoV-2 rS vaccine; Biological: Prototype/XBB.1.5 Bivalent Vaccine (5 µg)
Sponsor: Novavax
Not yet recruiting
Hyperbaric on Pulmonary Functions in Post Covid -19 Patients. - Condition: Post COVID-19 Patients
Interventions: Device: hyperbaric oxygen therapy; Device: breathing exercise; Drug: medical treatment
Sponsor: Cairo University
Completed
Dietary Intervention to Mitigate Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome - Conditions: Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome; Fatigue
Interventions: Other: Dietary intervention to mitigate Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome; Other: Attention Control
Sponsor: University of Maryland, Baltimore
Not yet recruiting
A Phase II Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of BIMERVAX® When Coadministered With Seasonal Influenza Vaccine (SIIV) in Adults Older Than 65 Years of Age Fully Vaccinated Against COVID-19 - Conditions: SARS CoV 2 Infection; Influenza, Human
Interventions: Biological: BIMERVAX; Biological: SIIV
Sponsor: Hipra Scientific, S.L.U
Not yet recruiting
Directed Topical Drug Delivery for Treatment for PASC Hyposmia - Condition: Post Acute Sequelae Covid-19 Hyposmia
Interventions: Drug: Beclomethasone; Other: Placebo; Device: Microsponge
Sponsor: Duke University
Not yet recruiting
Preliminary Efficacy of a Technology-based Physical Activity Intervention for Older Korean Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic - Conditions: Cardiovascular Health; Physical Function
Intervention: Behavioral: Golden Circle
Sponsor: University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Completed
Supported Employment COVID-19 Rapid Testing for PWID - Condition: Health Behavior
Intervention: Behavioral: Supported Employment
Sponsor: University of Oregon
Not yet recruiting
Telerehabilitation for Post COVID-19 Condition - Conditions: Long COVID; Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
Intervention: Other: Telerehabilitation program based on cardiorespiratory principles
Sponsors: Université de Sherbrooke; Hotel Dieu Hospital
Completed
Study of Tixagevimab/Cilgavimab and Regdanvimab Efficacy for Treatment of COVID-19 - Condition: Coronavirus Infections
Interventions: Drug: tixagevimab/cilgavimab 150+150 mg; Drug: tixagevimab/cilgavimab 300+300 mg; Drug: regdanvimab
Sponsors: City Clinical Hospital No.52 of Moscow Healthcare Department; Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Health Ministry of the Russian Federation
Active, not recruiting
Growth media affects susceptibility of air-lifted human nasal epithelial cell cultures to SARS-CoV2, but not Influenza A, virus infection - Primary differentiated human epithelial cell cultures have been widely used by researchers to study viral fitness and virus-host interactions, especially during the COVID19 pandemic. These cultures recapitulate important characteristics of the respiratory epithelium such as diverse cell type composition, polarization, and innate immune responses. However, standardization and validation of these cultures remains an open issue. In this study, two different expansion medias were evaluated and the…
Protegrin-2, a potential inhibitor for targeting SARS-CoV-2 main protease Mpro - CONCLUSIONS: Our in silico and experimental studies identified Protegrin-2 as a potent inhibitor of M^(pro) that could be pursued further towards drug development against COVID-19 infection.
Real-world effectiveness of mRNA COVID-19 vaccines in the elderly during the Delta and Omicron variants: Systematic review - CONCLUSION: Because of the natural diminishing effectiveness of the vaccine, the need for booster dose to restore its efficacy is vital. From a research perspective, the use of highly heterogeneous outcome measures inhibits the comparison, contrast, and integration of the results which makes data pooling across different studies problematic. While pharmaceutical intervention like vaccination is important to fight an epidemic, utilizing common outcome measurements or carrying out studies with…
A pan-coronavirus peptide inhibitor prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice by intranasal delivery - Coronaviruses (CoVs) have brought serious threats to humans, particularly severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which continually evolves into multiple variants. These variants, especially Omicron, reportedly escape therapeutic antibodies and vaccines, indicating an urgent need for new antivirals with pan-SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory activity. We previously reported that a peptide fusion inhibitor, P3, targeting heptad repeated-1 (HR1) of SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, could…
Age differential CD13 and interferon expression in airway epithelia affect SARS-CoV-2 infection - effects of vitamin D - Young age and high vitamin D plasma levels have been associated with lower SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and favourable disease outcomes. This study investigated mechanisms associated with differential responses to SARS-CoV-2 across age groups and effects of vitamin D. Nasal epithelia were collected from healthy children and adults and cultured for four weeks at air-liquid interface with and without vitamin D. Gene expression (NanoString) and DNA methylation (Illumina EPIC850K) were investigated….
Spike protein mutations and structural insights of pangolin lineage B.1.1.25 with implications for viral pathogenicity and ACE2 binding affinity - Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID -19, is constantly evolving, requiring continuous genomic surveillance. In this study, we used whole-genome sequencing to investigate the genetic epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 in Bangladesh, with particular emphasis on identifying dominant variants and associated mutations. We used high-throughput next-generation sequencing (NGS) to obtain DNA sequences from COVID-19 patient samples and compared these…
Identification of a drug binding pocket in TMEM16F calcium-activated ion channel and lipid scramblase - The dual functions of TMEM16F as Ca^(2+)-activated ion channel and lipid scramblase raise intriguing questions regarding their molecular basis. Intrigued by the ability of the FDA-approved drug niclosamide to inhibit TMEM16F-dependent syncytia formation induced by SARS-CoV-2, we examined cryo-EM structures of TMEM16F with or without bound niclosamide or 1PBC, a known blocker of TMEM16A Ca^(2+)-activated Cl^(-) channel. Here, we report evidence for a lipid scrambling pathway along a groove…
CYP19A1 mediates severe SARS-CoV-2 disease outcome in males - Male sex represents one of the major risk factors for severe COVID-19 outcome. However, underlying mechanisms that mediate sex-dependent disease outcome are as yet unknown. Here, we identify the CYP19A1 gene encoding for the testosterone-to-estradiol metabolizing enzyme CYP19A1 (also known as aromatase) as a host factor that contributes to worsened disease outcome in SARS-CoV-2-infected males. We analyzed exome sequencing data obtained from a human COVID-19 cohort (n = 2,866) using a…
Molnupiravir, a ribonucleoside antiviral prodrug against SARS-CoV-2, alters the voltage-gated sodium current and causes adverse events - Molnupiravir (MOL) is a ribonucleoside prodrug for oral treatment of COVID-19. Common adverse effects of MOL are headache, diarrhea, and nausea, which may be associated with altered sodium channel function. Here, we investigated the effect of MOL on voltage-gated Na^(+) current (I(Na)) in pituitary GH(3) cells. We show that MOL had distinct effects on transient and late I(Na), in combination with decreased time constant in the slow component of I(Na) inactivation. The 50% inhibitory…
Expression and immunogenicity of recombinant porcine epidemic diarrhea virus Nsp9 - Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes acute diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and high mortality in newborn piglets, which leads to significant economic losses. Coronavirus nonstructural protein 9 (Nsp9) is an essential RNA binding protein for coronavirus replication, which renders it a promising candidate for developing antiviral drugs and diagnosis targeting PEDV. In this study, PEDV Nsp9 protein fused with MBP protein and His-tag were expressed and purified in Escherichia coli….
Targeted Application of Functional Foods as Immune Fitness Boosters in the Defense against Viral Infection - In recent times, the emergence of viral infections, including the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the monkeypox virus, and, most recently, the Langya virus, has highlighted the devastating effects of viral infection on human life. There has been significant progress in the development of efficacious vaccines for the prevention and control of viruses; however, the high rates of viral mutation and transmission necessitate the need for novel methods of control, management, and prevention. In recent years, there…
Phytochemical Profiling and Antiviral Activity of Green Sustainable Nanoparticles Derived from Maesa indica (Roxb.) Sweet against Human Coronavirus 229E - Plant secondary metabolites are key components for new, safe and effective drugs. Ethanolic extract of Maesa indica Roxb. Sweet (ME) aerial parts were used for biosynthesis of sustainable green zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) with an average particle size 6.80 ± 1.47 nm and zeta potential -19.7 mV. Both transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction assay confirmed the hexagonal shape of ZnO NPs. Phenolic ingredients in ME were identified using LC-ESI-MS/MS-MRM revealing the…
Characterization of Portulaca oleracea Whole Plant: Evaluating Antioxidant, Anticancer, Antibacterial, and Antiviral Activities and Application as Quality Enhancer in Yogurt - Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is rich in phenolic compounds, protein, and iron. This study aims to produce functional yogurt with enhanced antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, and antimicrobial properties by including safe purslane extract in yogurt formulation; the yogurt was preserved for 30 days at 4 °C, and then biochemical fluctuations were monitored. The purslane extract (PuE) had high phenolic compounds and flavonoids of 250 and 56 mg/mL, respectively. Therefore, PuE had considerable…
Assessment of Purity, Stability, and Pharmacokinetics of NGP-1, a Novel Prodrug of GS441254 with Potential Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity, Using Liquid Chromatography - SARS-CoV-2 is a highly contagious and pathogenic virus that first appeared in late December 2019 and caused a global pandemic in a short period. The virus is a single-stranded RNA virus belonging to the Coronaviridae family. Numerous treatments have been developed and tested in response to the pandemic, particularly antiviral drugs. Among them, GS441524 (GS441), a nucleoside antiviral drug, has demonstrated promising results in inhibiting SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, the limited oral…
A Comprehensive Technology Platform for the Rapid Discovery of Peptide Inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 Pseudovirus Infection - We developed and validated a technology platform for designing and testing peptides inhibiting the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein-based pseudoviruses. This platform integrates target evaluation, in silico inhibitor design, peptide synthesis, and efficacy screening. We generated a cyclic peptide library derived from the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. The cell-free validation process by ELISA…